July 3

July 3 is the 184th day of the year, 181 days remaining

1778 - Prussia declares war on Austria.

1819 - The first savings bank in the United States (The Bank of Savings in New York City) opens.

1844 - The last pair of Great Auks is killed.

1866 - Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgratz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria.

1884 - Dow Jones published its 1st stock average.

1886 - The New York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand.

1928 - First color television broadcast in London.

2006 - Asteroid labeled as 2004 XP14 flies by Earth's atmosphere.

Birthday

1875 - Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon
During the war he was anti-Nazi. His influence on Fritz Kolbe caused the man to become a spy for the Allies — reputedly the most important spy of the war.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Sauerbruch

1883 - Franz Kafka, Czech writer
A middle-class Jew based in Prague, his unique body of writing — many incomplete and most published posthumously — has become amongst the most influential in Western literature. Kafka's works – including the stories Das Urteil (1913, "The Judgement"), In der Strafkolonie (1920, "In the Penal Colony"); the novella Die Verwandlung ("The Metamorphosis"); and unfinished novels Der Prozess ("The Trial") and Das Schloß ("The Castle") – have come to embody the blend of absurd, surreal and mundane which gave rise to the adjective "kafkaesque".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafka

1930 - Carlos Kleiber, Austrian conductor
Had resigned his post at the Berlin Opera in protest over the Nazi Party's policies (and Karl became Carlos)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Kleiber

1962 - Thomas Cruise Mapother IV, American actor
He is tied with Tom Hanks as the only actors to have seven consecutive US$100 million plus blockbusters on their resume.

2006 Breakup with Paramount Pictures after 14-years.

Chicks: Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, Penélope Cruz, Katie Holmes, ...

He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.

Cruise also said in an Entertainment Weekly interview that psychiatry "is a Nazi science" and that methadone was actually originally called Adolophine after Adolf Hitler, a myth well-known as an urban legend.

In 2007, the German government banned the makers of the film Valkyrie from filming at military sites "if Count von Stauffenberg is played by Cruise, who has professed to being a member of the Scientology cult", adding that "the Bundeswehr has a special interest in the serious and authentic portrayal of the events of July 20 1944 and Stauffenberg's person"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Cruise